Thursday, 25 August 2016

NAT/Firewalls

Network security is a primary consideration in any type of network as the threats are becoming more widespread and persistent every day.
A router that will use NAT and port forwarding to both protect your home network and have another web server on your home network while sharing the public IP address of your firewall.

iptables has become the default firewall package installed under RedHat and Fedora Linux.




Table 1 Processing For Packets Routed By The Firewall


Queue
Type
Queue
Function
Packet transformation chain in Queue Chain Function
Filter
Packet filtering
FORWARD
Filters packets to servers accessible by another NIC on the firewall.


INPUT
Filters packets destined to the firewall.


OUTPUT
Filters packets originating from the firewall
Nat
Network Address Translation
PREROUTING
Address translation occurs before routing. Facilitates the transformation of the destination IP address to be compatible with the firewall's routing table. Used with NAT of the destination IP address, also known as destination NAT or DNAT.


POSTROUTING
Address translation occurs after routing. This implies that there was no need to modify the destination IP address of the packet as in pre-routing. Used with NAT of the source IP address using either one-to-one or many-to-one NAT. This is known as source NAT, or SNAT.


OUTPUT
Networks address translation for packets generated by the firewall. (Rarely used in SOHO environments)
Mangle
TCP header modification
PREROUTING POSTROUTING OUTPUT INPUT FORWARD
Modification of the TCP packet quality of service bits before routing occurs
(Rarely used in SOHO environments)




Allow ALL Incoming SSH

iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

Allow Ping from Outside to Inside

iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT
In this example, eth1 is connected to external network (internet), and eth0 is connected to internal network (For example: 192.168.1.x).
iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT




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