Python

 enumerate() function 
you can iterate through the sequence and retrieve the index position and its corresponding value at the same time.
>>> for i,v in enumerate([‘Python’,’Java’,’C++’]):
print(i,v)
0 Python
1 Java
2 C++

String Format 

Python uses C-style string formatting to create new, formatted strings. The "%" operator is used to format a set of variables

name = "John"
age = 23
print("%s is %d years old." % (name, age))    #John is 23 years old 

mylist = [1,2,3]
print("A list: %s" % mylist)   #A list: [1, 2, 3]

data = ("John", "Doe", 53.44)
format_string = "Hello %s %s. Your current balance is $%s."
print(format_string % data)   #Hello John Doe. Your current balance is $53.44

String Functions

astring = "Hello world!"
print(astring.count("l"))  # 3

astring = "Hello world!"
print(astring[3:7])  #lo w

astring = "Hello world!"
afewwords = astring.split(" ")  # ['Hello', 'world']

s = "Strings are awesome!"
print("a occurs %d times" % s.count("a"))  # a occurs 2 times
print("The next five characters are '%s'" % s[5:10])    #The next five characters are 'gs ar'

# Convert everything to uppercase
print("String in uppercase: %s" % s.upper())  # STRINGS ARE AWESOME!

print("Split the words of the string: %s" % s.split(" "))  #['Strings', 'are', 'awesome!']



Range function:

For loops can iterate over a sequence of numbers using the "range"
# Prints out the numbers 0,1,2,3,4
for x in range(5):
    print(x)

# Prints out 3,4,5
for x in range(3, 6):
    print(x)

# Prints out 3,5,7
for x in range(3, 8, 2):
    print(x)


Pdb(python debugger) can invoke as a script to debug the script:

python -m pdb myscript.py